Beschreibung:
'No trees without tenure'; might usefully update 'no timber without trees'; the rallying call of those who brought vital attention to rainforest sustainability in the 1980s. Resource tenure the systems of rights, rules, institutions and processes regulating resource access and use is key to shaping the distribution of risks, costs and benefits. While insecure tenure makes local people vulnerable to dispossession as land values increase, secure resource tenure gives them more leverage in relations with government and the private sector. Insecure or contested resource rights may also increase risk for investors reputational risk, for example, in relation to possible tensions with local groups. Various rallying calls are also heard in the now vibrant international debates on REDD ('Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries'), yet tenure issues have only recently begun to receive attention in these debates. REDD has emerged quickly, with spreading recognition that deforestation and forest degradation account for some 17 per cent of greenhouse gas emissions globally, and that the emission reductions needed to avoid catastrophic climate change are so large that they will not be achieved without reducing forest loss and degradation. Given the immediate challenge of negotiating a post-2012 agreement, much debate about REDD has focused on international aspects. But whether REDD will benefit or marginalise forest communities ultimately depends on local to national arrangements about the allocation of benefits within countries. So resource tenure is key. This report aims to take the debate forward by identifying: a typology of tenure regimes in rainforest countries and some of the challenges they present for REDD; the nature of tenure and usage rights regimes within key rainforest countries ...