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Medientyp: Buch Titel: Process control : a practical approach Enthält: Machine generated contents note:1.Introduction2.Process Dynamics2.1.Definition2.2.Cascade Control2.3.Model Identification2.4.Integrating Processes2.5.Other Types of Process2.6.Robustness2.7.Laplace Transforms for ProcessesReferences3.PID Algorithm3.1.Definitions3.2.Proportional Action3.3.Integral Action3.4.Derivative Action3.5.Versions of Control Algorithm3.6.Interactive PID Controller3.7.Proportional-on-PV Controller3.8.Nonstandard Algorithms3.9.Tuning3.10.Ziegler-Nichols Tuning Method3.11.Cohen-Coon Tuning Method3.12.Tuning Based on Penalty Functions3.13.Manipulated Variable Overshoot3.14.Lambda Tuning Method3.15.IMC Tuning Method3.16.Choice of Tuning Method3.17.Suggested Tuning Method for Self-Regulating Processes 3.18.Tuning for Load Changes3.19.Tuning for Unconstrained MV Overshoot3.20.PI Tuning Compared to PID Tuning3.21.Tuning for Large Scan Interval3.22.Suggested Tuning Method for Integrating Processes3.23.Implementation of Tuning3.24.Loop Gain3.25.Adaptive Tuning3.26.Initialisation3.27.Anti-Reset Windup3.28.On-Off Control3.29.Laplace Transforms for Controllers3.30.Direct SynthesisReferences4.Level Control4.1.Use of Cascade Control4.2.Parameters Required for Tuning Calculations4.3.Tight Level Control4.4.Averaging Level Control4.5.Error-Squared Controller4.6.Gap Controller4.7.Impact of Noise on Averaging Control4.8.General Approach to Tuning4.9.Three-Element Level Control5.Signal Conditioning5.1.Instrument Linearisation5.2.Process Linearisation5.3.Constraint Conditioning5.4.Pressure Compensation of Distillation Tray Temperature 5.5.Pressure Compensation of Gas Flow Measurement5.6.Filtering5.7.Exponential Filter5.8.Higher Order Filters5.9.Nonlinear Exponential Filter5.10.Averaging Filter5.11.Least Squares Filter5.12.Control Valve Characterisation5.13.Equal Percentage Valve5.14.Split-Range Valves6.Feedforward Control6.1.Ratio Algorithm6.2.Bias Algorithm6.3.Deadtime and Lead-Lag Algorithms6.4.Tuning6.5.Laplace Derivation of Dynamic Compensation7.Deadtime Compensation7.1.Smith Predictor7.2.Internal Model Control7.3.Dahlin AlgorithmReferences8.Multivariate Control8.1.Constraint Control8.2.SISO Constraint Control8.3.Signal Selectors8.4.Relative Gain Analysis8.5.Steady State Decoupling8.6.Dynamic Decoupling8.7.MVC Principles8.8.Parallel Coordinates8.9.Enhanced Operator Displays8.10.MVC Performance MonitoringReferences 9.Inferential and Analysers9.1.Inferential Properties9.2.Assessing Accuracy9.3.Laboratory Update of Inferential9.4.Analyser Update of Inferential9.5.Monitoring On-stream AnalysersReference10.Combustion Control10.1.Fuel Gas Flow Correction10.2.Measuring NHV10.3.Dual Firing10.4.Inlet Temperature Feedforward10.5.Fuel Pressure Control10.6.Combustion Air Control10.7.Boiler Control10.8.Fired Heater Pass Balancing11.Compressor Control11.1.Polytropic Head11.2.Flow Control (Turbo-Machines)11.3.Flow Control (Reciprocating Machines)11.4.Anti-Surge Control12.Distillation Control12.1.Key Components12.2.Relative Volatility12.3.McCabe-Thiele Diagram12.4.Cut and Separation12.5.Effect of Process Design12.6.Basic Controls12.7.Pressure Control12.8.Level Control12.9.Tray Temperature Control 12.10.Pressure Compensated Temperature12.11.Inferentials12.12.First-Principle Inferentials12.13.Feedforward on Feed Rate12.14.Feed Composition Feedforward12.15.Feed Enthalpy Feedforward12.16.Decoupling12.17.Multivariable Control12.18.On-stream Analysers12.19.Towers with Sidestreams12.20.Column Optimisation12.21.Optimisation of Column Pressure12.22.Energy/Yield OptimisationReferences13.APC Project Execution13.1.Benefits Study13.2.Benefit Estimation for Improved Regulatory Control13.3.Benefits of Closed-Loop Real-Time Optimisation13.4.Basic Controls13.5.Inferentials13.6.Organisation13.7.Vendor Selection13.8.Safety in APC Design13.9.AlarmsReferences. Machine generated contents note:1.Introduction -- 2.Process Dynamics -- 2.1.Definition -- 2.2.Cascade Control -- 2.3.Model Identification -- 2.4.Integrating Processes -- 2.5.Other Types of Process -- 2.6.Robustness -- 2.7.Laplace Transforms for Processes -- References -- 3.PID Algorithm -- 3.1.Definitions -- 3.2.Proportional Action -- 3.3.Integral Action -- 3.4.Derivative Action -- 3.5.Versions of Control Algorithm -- 3.6.Interactive PID Controller -- 3.7.Proportional-on-PV Controller -- 3.8.Nonstandard Algorithms -- 3.9.Tuning -- 3.10.Ziegler-Nichols Tuning Method -- 3.11.Cohen-Coon Tuning Method -- 3.12.Tuning Based on Penalty Functions -- 3.13.Manipulated Variable Overshoot -- 3.14.Lambda Tuning Method -- 3.15.IMC Tuning Method -- 3.16.Choice of Tuning Method -- 3.17.Suggested Tuning Method for Self-Regulating Processes 3.18.Tuning for Load Changes -- 3.19.Tuning for Unconstrained MV Overshoot -- 3.20.PI Tuning Compared to PID Tuning -- 3.21.Tuning for Large Scan Interval -- 3.22.Suggested Tuning Method for Integrating Processes -- 3.23.Implementation of Tuning -- 3.24.Loop Gain -- 3.25.Adaptive Tuning -- 3.26.Initialisation -- 3.27.Anti-Reset Windup -- 3.28.On-Off Control -- 3.29.Laplace Transforms for Controllers -- 3.30.Direct Synthesis -- References -- 4.Level Control -- 4.1.Use of Cascade Control -- 4.2.Parameters Required for Tuning Calculations -- 4.3.Tight Level Control -- 4.4.Averaging Level Control -- 4.5.Error-Squared Controller -- 4.6.Gap Controller -- 4.7.Impact of Noise on Averaging Control -- 4.8.General Approach to Tuning -- 4.9.Three-Element Level Control -- 5.Signal Conditioning -- 5.1.Instrument Linearisation -- 5.2.Process Linearisation -- 5.3.Constraint Conditioning -- 5.4.Pressure Compensation of Distillation Tray Temperature 5.5.Pressure Compensation of Gas Flow Measurement -- 5.6.Filtering -- 5.7.Exponential Filter -- 5.8.Higher Order Filters -- 5.9.Nonlinear Exponential Filter -- 5.10.Averaging Filter -- 5.11.Least Squares Filter -- 5.12.Control Valve Characterisation -- 5.13.Equal Percentage Valve -- 5.14.Split-Range Valves -- 6.Feedforward Control -- 6.1.Ratio Algorithm -- 6.2.Bias Algorithm -- 6.3.Deadtime and Lead-Lag Algorithms -- 6.4.Tuning -- 6.5.Laplace Derivation of Dynamic Compensation -- 7.Deadtime Compensation -- 7.1.Smith Predictor -- 7.2.Internal Model Control -- 7.3.Dahlin Algorithm -- References -- 8.Multivariate Control -- 8.1.Constraint Control -- 8.2.SISO Constraint Control -- 8.3.Signal Selectors -- 8.4.Relative Gain Analysis -- 8.5.Steady State Decoupling -- 8.6.Dynamic Decoupling -- 8.7.MVC Principles -- 8.8.Parallel Coordinates -- 8.9.Enhanced Operator Displays -- 8.10.MVC Performance Monitoring -- References 9.Inferential and Analysers -- 9.1.Inferential Properties -- 9.2.Assessing Accuracy -- 9.3.Laboratory Update of Inferential -- 9.4.Analyser Update of Inferential -- 9.5.Monitoring On-stream Analysers -- Reference -- 10.Combustion Control -- 10.1.Fuel Gas Flow Correction -- 10.2.Measuring NHV -- 10.3.Dual Firing -- 10.4.Inlet Temperature Feedforward -- 10.5.Fuel Pressure Control -- 10.6.Combustion Air Control -- 10.7.Boiler Control -- 10.8.Fired Heater Pass Balancing -- 11.Compressor Control -- 11.1.Polytropic Head -- 11.2.Flow Control (Turbo-Machines) -- 11.3.Flow Control (Reciprocating Machines) -- 11.4.Anti-Surge Control -- 12.Distillation Control -- 12.1.Key Components -- 12.2.Relative Volatility -- 12.3.McCabe-Thiele Diagram -- 12.4.Cut and Separation -- 12.5.Effect of Process Design -- 12.6.Basic Controls -- 12.7.Pressure Control -- 12.8.Level Control -- 12.9.Tray Temperature Control 12.10.Pressure Compensated Temperature -- 12.11.Inferentials -- 12.12.First-Principle Inferentials -- 12.13.Feedforward on Feed Rate -- 12.14.Feed Composition Feedforward -- 12.15.Feed Enthalpy Feedforward -- 12.16.Decoupling -- 12.17.Multivariable Control -- 12.18.On-stream Analysers -- 12.19.Towers with Sidestreams -- 12.20.Column Optimisation -- 12.21.Optimisation of Column Pressure -- 12.22.Energy/Yield Optimisation -- References -- 13.APC Project Execution -- 13.1.Benefits Study -- 13.2.Benefit Estimation for Improved Regulatory Control -- 13.3.Benefits of Closed-Loop Real-Time Optimisation -- 13.4.Basic Controls -- 13.5.Inferentials -- 13.6.Organisation -- 13.7.Vendor Selection -- 13.8.Safety in APC Design -- 13.9.Alarms -- References. Beteiligte: King, Myke [VerfasserIn] Erschienen: Chichester: Wiley, 2011 Umfang: XIII, 400 S.; graph. Darst; 25 cm Sprache: Englisch ISBN: 9780470975879; 0470975873 RVK-Notation: VN 7330 : Allgemeines ZQ 9910 : Verfahrenstechnik; Energietechnik Schlagwörter: Prozessüberwachung Verfahrenstechnik > Selbstregulation > Prozessoptimierung Entstehung: Anmerkungen: Formerly CIP Uk. - Includes bibliographical references and index