Beschreibung:
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background</jats:title><jats:p>Brain iron overload is linked to brain deterioration, and cognitive and motor impairment in neurodegenerative disorders and normal aging. Mutations in the <jats:italic>HFE</jats:italic> gene are associated with iron dyshomeostasis and are risk factors for peripheral iron overload. However, links to brain iron load and cognition are less consistent and data are scarce.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims and methods</jats:title><jats:p>Using quantitative susceptibility mapping with magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated whether C282Y and H63D contributed to aging‐related increases in brain iron load and lower cognitive and motor performance in 208 healthy individuals aged 20‐79 years. We also assessed the modulatory effects of <jats:italic>HFE</jats:italic> mutations on associations between performance and brain iron load, as well as peripheral iron metabolism.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results</jats:title><jats:p>Independent of age, carriers of either C282Y and/or H63D (<jats:italic>HFE</jats:italic>‐pos group, n = 66) showed a higher load of iron in putamen than non‐carriers (<jats:italic>HFE</jats:italic>‐neg group, n = 142), as well as higher transferrin saturation and lower transferrin and transferrin receptors in blood. In the <jats:italic>HFE</jats:italic>‐neg group, higher putaminal iron was associated with lower working memory. In the <jats:italic>HFE</jats:italic>‐pos group, higher putaminal iron was instead linked to higher executive function, and lower plasma transferrin was related to higher episodic memory. Iron‐performance associations were modest albeit reliable.</jats:p></jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that <jats:italic>HFE</jats:italic> status is characterized by higher regional brain iron load across adulthood, and support the presence of a modulatory effect of <jats:italic>HFE</jats:italic> status on the relationships between iron load and cognition. Future studies in healthy individuals are needed to confirm the reported patterns.</jats:p></jats:sec>