• Medientyp: E-Artikel
  • Titel: Immune response and endocytosis pathways are associated with the resilience against Alzheimer’s disease
  • Beteiligte: Tesi, Niccolò; van der Lee, Sven J.; Hulsman, Marc; Jansen, Iris E.; Stringa, Najada; van Schoor, Natasja M.; Scheltens, Philip; van der Flier, Wiesje M.; Huisman, Martijn; Reinders, Marcel J. T.; Holstege, Henne
  • Erschienen: Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2020
  • Erschienen in: Translational Psychiatry
  • Sprache: Englisch
  • DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01018-7
  • ISSN: 2158-3188
  • Entstehung:
  • Anmerkungen:
  • Beschreibung: <jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is influenced by multiple genetic variants that are involved in five major AD-pathways. Per individual, these pathways may differentially contribute to the modification of the AD-risk. The pathways involved in the <jats:italic>resilience</jats:italic> against AD have thus far been poorly addressed. Here, we investigated to what extent each molecular mechanism associates with (i) the increased risk of AD and (ii) the <jats:italic>resilience</jats:italic> against AD until extreme old age, by comparing pathway-specific polygenic risk scores (pathway-PRS). We used 29 genetic variants associated with AD to develop pathway-PRS for five major pathways involved in AD. We developed an integrative framework that allows multiple genes to associate with a variant, and multiple pathways to associate with a gene. We studied pathway-PRS in the Amsterdam Dementia Cohort of well-phenotyped AD patients (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 1895), Dutch population controls from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 1654) and our unique 100-plus Study cohort of cognitively healthy centenarians who avoided AD (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> = 293). Last, we estimated the contribution of each pathway to the genetic risk of AD in the general population. All pathway-PRS significantly associated with increased AD-risk and (in the opposite direction) with resilience against AD (except for <jats:italic>angiogenesis</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). The pathway that contributed most to the overall modulation of AD-risk was β-amyloid metabolism (29.6%), which was driven mainly by <jats:italic>APOE</jats:italic>-variants. After excluding <jats:italic>APOE</jats:italic> variants, all pathway-PRS associated with increased AD-risk (except for <jats:italic>angiogenesis, p</jats:italic> &lt; 0.05), while specifically <jats:italic>immune response</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.003) and <jats:italic>endocytosis</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0003) associated with resilience against AD. Indeed, the variants in these latter two pathways became the main contributors to the overall modulation of genetic risk of AD (45.5% and 19.2%, respectively). The genetic variants associated with the resilience against AD indicate which pathways are involved with maintained cognitive functioning until extreme ages. Our work suggests that a favorable immune response and a maintained endocytosis pathway might be involved in general neuro-protection, which highlight the need to investigate these pathways, next to β-amyloid metabolism.</jats:p>
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