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Medientyp:
E-Artikel
Titel:
Phosphate, Calcification in Blood, and Mineral Stress: The Physiologic Blood Mineral Buffering System and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk
Beteiligte:
Pasch, Andreas;
Jahnen-Dechent, Willi;
Smith, Edward R.
Beschreibung:
<jats:p>Phosphate is an important cardiovascular risk factor and lowering elevated blood phosphate concentrations is a main therapeutic target in kidney patients. Phosphate is subject to the<jats:italic> blood mineral buffering system</jats:italic> which controls the precipitation of calcium and phosphate. Calciprotein particles (CPP), self-assembling complexes of calcium phosphate and serum proteins, are the nanomorphological correlates of this system. CPP1 are spherical, 50-100 nm in diameter, and contain amorphous mineral. CPP2 are oblongated, 100-200nm in the long axis, and they contain a crystalline mineral core. The relative abundance and biological activity of these particles are a matter of intense research, because they can cause oxidative stress, inflammation, and calcification in cellular assay. Therapeutically reducing this endogenous stressor by prolonging<jats:italic> crystal formation time</jats:italic> might improve patient outcome. This concise review article summarizes our current knowledge about the<jats:italic> blood mineral buffering system</jats:italic> and proposes<jats:italic> Mineral Stress</jats:italic> as a novel modifiable cardiovascular risk factor. It furthermore outlines possible implications this might have for improving patient care.</jats:p>