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Medientyp:
E-Artikel
Titel:
Small‐molecule inhibitors suppress the expression of both type III secretion and amylovoran biosynthesis genes in Erwinia amylovora
Beteiligte:
Yang, Fan;
Korban, Schuyler S.;
Pusey, P. Lawrence;
Elofsson, Michael;
Sundin, George W.;
Zhao, Youfu
Erschienen:
Wiley, 2014
Erschienen in:Molecular Plant Pathology
Sprache:
Englisch
DOI:
10.1111/mpp.12064
ISSN:
1464-6722;
1364-3703
Entstehung:
Anmerkungen:
Beschreibung:
<jats:title>Summary</jats:title><jats:p>The type <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">III</jats:styled-content> secretion system (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">T3SS</jats:styled-content>) and exopolysaccharide (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">EPS</jats:styled-content>) amylovoran are two essential pathogenicity factors in <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">E</jats:styled-content>rwinia amylovora</jats:italic>, the causal agent of the serious bacterial disease fire blight. In this study, small molecules that inhibit <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">T3SS</jats:styled-content> gene expression in <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">E</jats:styled-content>. amylovora</jats:italic> under <jats:italic>hrp</jats:italic> (<jats:italic>hypersensitive response and pathogenicity</jats:italic>)‐inducing conditions were identified and characterized using green fluorescent protein (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">GFP</jats:styled-content>) as a reporter. These compounds belong to salicylidene acylhydrazides and also inhibit amylovoran production. Microarray analysis of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">E</jats:styled-content>. amylovora</jats:italic> treated with compounds 3 and 9 identified a total of 588 significantly differentially expressed genes. Among them, 95 and 78 genes were activated and suppressed by both compounds, respectively, when compared with the dimethylsulphoxide (<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">DMSO</jats:styled-content>) control. The expression of the majority of <jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">T3SS</jats:styled-content> genes in <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">E</jats:styled-content>. amylovora</jats:italic>, including <jats:italic>hrp<jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">L</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> and the <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style="fixed-case">avrRpt2</jats:styled-content></jats:italic> effector gene, was suppressed by both compounds. Compound 3 also suppressed the expression of amylovoran precursor and biosynthesis genes. However, both compounds induced significantly the expression of glycogen biosynthesis genes and siderophore biosynthesis, regulatory and transport genes. Furthermore, many membrane, lipoprotein and exported protein‐encoding genes were also activated by both compounds. Similar expression patterns were observed for compounds 1, 2 and 4. Using crab apple flower as a model, compound 3 was capable of reducing disease development in pistils. These results suggest a common inhibition mechanism shared by salicylidene acylhydrazides and indicate that small‐molecule inhibitors that disable T3SS function could be explored to control fire blight disease.</jats:p>