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Bourras, Salim; McNally, Kaitlin Elyse; Ben-David, Roi; Parlange, Francis; Roffler, Stefan; Praz, Coraline Rosalie; Oberhaensli, Simone; Menardo, Fabrizio; Stirnweis, Daniel; Frenkel, Zeev; Schaefer, Luisa Katharina; Flückiger, Simon; Treier, Georges; Herren, Gerhard; Korol, Abraham B.; Wicker, Thomas; Keller, Beat

Multiple Avirulence Loci and Allele-Specific Effector Recognition Control the Pm3 Race-Specific Resistance of Wheat to Powdery Mildew

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  • Medientyp: E-Artikel
  • Titel: Multiple Avirulence Loci and Allele-Specific Effector Recognition Control the Pm3 Race-Specific Resistance of Wheat to Powdery Mildew
  • Beteiligte: Bourras, Salim; McNally, Kaitlin Elyse; Ben-David, Roi; Parlange, Francis; Roffler, Stefan; Praz, Coraline Rosalie; Oberhaensli, Simone; Menardo, Fabrizio; Stirnweis, Daniel; Frenkel, Zeev; Schaefer, Luisa Katharina; Flückiger, Simon; Treier, Georges; Herren, Gerhard; Korol, Abraham B.; Wicker, Thomas; Keller, Beat
  • Erschienen: American Society of Plant Biologists, 2015
  • Erschienen in: Plant Cell
  • Sprache: Englisch
  • ISSN: 1040-4651
  • Schlagwörter: RESEARCH ARTICLES
  • Entstehung:
  • Anmerkungen:
  • Beschreibung: <p>In cereals, several mildew resistance genes occur as large allelic series; for example, in wheat (<italic>Triticum aestivum</italic> and <italic>Triticum turgidum</italic>), 17 functional <italic>Pm3</italic> alleles confer agronomically important race-specific resistance to powdery mildew (<italic>Blumeria graminis</italic>). The molecular basis of race specificity has been characterized in wheat, but little is known about the corresponding avirulence genes in powdery mildew. Here, we dissected the genetics of avirulence for six <italic>Pm3</italic> alleles and found that three major <italic>Avr</italic> loci affect avirulence, with a common <italic>locus_1</italic> involved in all <italic>AvrPm3-Pm3</italic> interactions. We cloned the effector gene <italic>AvrPm3<sup>a2/f2</sup> </italic> from <italic>locus_2</italic>, which is recognized by the <italic>Pm3a</italic> and <italic>Pm3f</italic> alleles. Induction of a <italic>Pm3</italic> allele-dependent hypersensitive response in transient assays in <italic>Nicotiana benthamiana</italic> and in wheat demonstrated specificity. Gene expression analysis of <italic>Bcg1</italic> (encoded by <italic>locus_1</italic>) and <italic>AvrPm3<sup>a2/f2</sup> </italic> revealed significant differences between isolates, indicating that in addition to protein polymorphisms, expression levels play a role in avirulence. We propose a model for race specificity involving three components: an allele-specific avirulence effector, a resistance gene allele, and a pathogen-encoded suppressor of avirulence. Thus, whereas a genetically simple allelic series controls specificity in the plant host, recognition on the pathogen side is more complex, allowing flexible evolutionary responses and adaptation to resistance genes.</p>
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