Beschreibung:
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative treatment for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) or myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) patients. The introduction of reduced intensity (RIC) and non‐myeloablative (NMA) conditioning enabled HSCT in older or comorbid individuals representing the majority of patients. Studies comparing RIC and NMA conditioning are limited. We retrospectively analyzed 151 MDS or MDS/MPN patients older than 50 years who received NMA‐ or RIC‐HSCT. Patients younger or older than 65 years at HSCT were analyzed separately. Patients receiving RIC‐HSCT or NMA‐HSCT were balanced in factors reflecting disease aggressiveness and the HCT‐CI comorbidity score. The NMA conditioned patients had a higher incidence of graft rejection and chronic graft‐vs‐host disease. Cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), non‐relapse mortality (NRM) and overall survival (OS), did not differ significantly with regard to the conditioning regime in the whole cohort. In patients <65 years at HSCT, NMA conditioning associated with higher NRM and shorter OS by trend, while CIR was similar in both groups. In multivariable analyzes, the conditioning regimen remained a prognostic factor for NRM and OS in patients <65 years at HSCT. In MDS patients NMA and RIC conditioning result in similar disease control, but especially patients <65 years may benefit from RIC‐HSCT.</jats:p>