Highly Dynamic Genomic Loci Drive the Synthesis of Two Types of Capsular or Secreted Polysaccharides within the Mycoplasma mycoides Cluster

Medientyp: E-Artikel
Titel: Highly Dynamic Genomic Loci Drive the Synthesis of Two Types of Capsular or Secreted Polysaccharides within the Mycoplasma mycoides Cluster
Beteiligte: Bertin, Clothilde; Pau-Roblot, Corinne; Courtois, Josiane; Manso-Silván, Lucía; Tardy, Florence; Poumarat, François; Citti, Christine; Sirand-Pugnet, Pascal; Gaurivaud, Patrice; Thiaucourt, François
Erschienen: American Society for Microbiology, 2015
Erschienen in: Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Sprache: Englisch
DOI: 10.1128/aem.02892-14
ISSN: 0099-2240; 1098-5336
Schlagwörter: Ecology ; Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ; Food Science ; Biotechnology
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Beschreibung: <jats:title>ABSTRACT</jats:title> <jats:p> Mycoplasmas of the <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Mycoplasma mycoides</jats:named-content> cluster are all ruminant pathogens. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Mycoplasma mycoides</jats:named-content> subsp. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">mycoides</jats:named-content> is responsible for contagious bovine pleuropneumonia and is known to produce capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and exopolysaccharide (EPS). Previous studies have strongly suggested a role for <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Mycoplasma mycoides</jats:named-content> subsp. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">mycoides</jats:named-content> polysaccharides in pathogenicity. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Mycoplasma mycoides</jats:named-content> subsp. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">mycoides</jats:named-content> -secreted EPS was recently characterized as a β(1→6)-galactofuranose homopolymer (galactan) identical to the capsular product. Here, we extended the characterization of secreted polysaccharides to all other members of the <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">M. mycoides</jats:named-content> cluster: <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">M. capricolum</jats:named-content> subsp. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">capripneumoniae</jats:named-content> , <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">M. capricolum</jats:named-content> subsp. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">capricolum</jats:named-content> , <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">M. leachii</jats:named-content> , and <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">M. mycoides</jats:named-content> subsp. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">capri</jats:named-content> (including the LC and Capri serovars). Extracted EPS was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, resulting in the identification of a homopolymer of β(1→2)-glucopyranose (glucan) in <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">M. capricolum</jats:named-content> subsp. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">capripneumoniae</jats:named-content> and <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">M. leachii</jats:named-content> . Monoclonal antibodies specific for this glucan and for the <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">Mycoplasma mycoides</jats:named-content> subsp. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">mycoides</jats:named-content> -secreted galactan were used to detect the two polysaccharides. While <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">M. mycoides</jats:named-content> subsp. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">capri</jats:named-content> strains of serovar LC produced only capsular galactan, no polysaccharide could be detected in strains of serovar Capri. All strains of <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">M. capricolum</jats:named-content> subsp. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">capripneumoniae</jats:named-content> and <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">M. leachii</jats:named-content> produced glucan CPS and EPS, whereas glucan production and localization varied among <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">M. capricolum</jats:named-content> subsp. <jats:named-content content-type="genus-species">capricolum</jats:named-content> strains. Genes associated with polysaccharide synthesis and forming a biosynthetic pathway were predicted in all cluster members. These genes were organized in clusters within two loci representing genetic variability hot spots. Phylogenetic analysis showed that some of these genes, notably <jats:italic>galE</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>glf</jats:italic> , were acquired via horizontal gene transfer. These findings call for a reassessment of the specificity of the serological tests based on mycoplasma polysaccharides. </jats:p>
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